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+Notes on the Free Translation Project
+*************************************
+
+ Free software is going international! The Free Translation Project
+is a way to get maintainers of free software, translators, and users all
+together, so that will gradually become able to speak many languages.
+A few packages already provide translations for their messages.
+
+ If you found this `ABOUT-NLS' file inside a distribution, you may
+assume that the distributed package does use GNU `gettext' internally,
+itself available at your nearest GNU archive site. But you do _not_
+need to install GNU `gettext' prior to configuring, installing or using
+this package with messages translated.
+
+ Installers will find here some useful hints. These notes also
+explain how users should proceed for getting the programs to use the
+available translations. They tell how people wanting to contribute and
+work at translations should contact the appropriate team.
+
+ When reporting bugs in the `intl/' directory or bugs which may be
+related to internationalization, you should tell about the version of
+`gettext' which is used. The information can be found in the
+`intl/VERSION' file, in internationalized packages.
+
+Quick configuration advice
+==========================
+
+ If you want to exploit the full power of internationalization, you
+should configure it using
+
+ ./configure --with-included-gettext
+
+to force usage of internationalizing routines provided within this
+package, despite the existence of internationalizing capabilities in the
+operating system where this package is being installed. So far, only
+the `gettext' implementation in the GNU C library version 2 provides as
+many features (such as locale alias, message inheritance, automatic
+charset conversion or plural form handling) as the implementation here.
+It is also not possible to offer this additional functionality on top
+of a `catgets' implementation. Future versions of GNU `gettext' will
+very likely convey even more functionality. So it might be a good idea
+to change to GNU `gettext' as soon as possible.
+
+ So you need _not_ provide this option if you are using GNU libc 2 or
+you have installed a recent copy of the GNU gettext package with the
+included `libintl'.
+
+INSTALL Matters
+===============
+
+ Some packages are "localizable" when properly installed; the
+programs they contain can be made to speak your own native language.
+Most such packages use GNU `gettext'. Other packages have their own
+ways to internationalization, predating GNU `gettext'.
+
+ By default, this package will be installed to allow translation of
+messages. It will automatically detect whether the system already
+provides the GNU `gettext' functions. If not, the GNU `gettext' own
+library will be used. This library is wholly contained within this
+package, usually in the `intl/' subdirectory, so prior installation of
+the GNU `gettext' package is _not_ required. Installers may use
+special options at configuration time for changing the default
+behaviour. The commands:
+
+ ./configure --with-included-gettext
+ ./configure --disable-nls
+
+will respectively bypass any pre-existing `gettext' to use the
+internationalizing routines provided within this package, or else,
+_totally_ disable translation of messages.
+
+ When you already have GNU `gettext' installed on your system and run
+configure without an option for your new package, `configure' will
+probably detect the previously built and installed `libintl.a' file and
+will decide to use this. This might be not what is desirable. You
+should use the more recent version of the GNU `gettext' library. I.e.
+if the file `intl/VERSION' shows that the library which comes with this
+package is more recent, you should use
+
+ ./configure --with-included-gettext
+
+to prevent auto-detection.
+
+ The configuration process will not test for the `catgets' function
+and therefore it will not be used. The reason is that even an
+emulation of `gettext' on top of `catgets' could not provide all the
+extensions of the GNU `gettext' library.
+
+ Internationalized packages have usually many `po/LL.po' files, where
+LL gives an ISO 639 two-letter code identifying the language. Unless
+translations have been forbidden at `configure' time by using the
+`--disable-nls' switch, all available translations are installed
+together with the package. However, the environment variable `LINGUAS'
+may be set, prior to configuration, to limit the installed set.
+`LINGUAS' should then contain a space separated list of two-letter
+codes, stating which languages are allowed.
+
+Using This Package
+==================
+
+ As a user, if your language has been installed for this package, you
+only have to set the `LANG' environment variable to the appropriate
+`LL_CC' combination. Here `LL' is an ISO 639 two-letter language code,
+and `CC' is an ISO 3166 two-letter country code. For example, let's
+suppose that you speak German and live in Germany. At the shell
+prompt, merely execute `setenv LANG de_DE' (in `csh'),
+`export LANG; LANG=de_DE' (in `sh') or `export LANG=de_DE' (in `bash').
+This can be done from your `.login' or `.profile' file, once and for
+all.
+
+ You might think that the country code specification is redundant.
+But in fact, some languages have dialects in different countries. For
+example, `de_AT' is used for Austria, and `pt_BR' for Brazil. The
+country code serves to distinguish the dialects.
+
+ The locale naming convention of `LL_CC', with `LL' denoting the
+language and `CC' denoting the country, is the one use on systems based
+on GNU libc. On other systems, some variations of this scheme are
+used, such as `LL' or `LL_CC.ENCODING'. You can get the list of
+locales supported by your system for your country by running the command
+`locale -a | grep '^LL''.
+
+ Not all programs have translations for all languages. By default, an
+English message is shown in place of a nonexistent translation. If you
+understand other languages, you can set up a priority list of languages.
+This is done through a different environment variable, called
+`LANGUAGE'. GNU `gettext' gives preference to `LANGUAGE' over `LANG'
+for the purpose of message handling, but you still need to have `LANG'
+set to the primary language; this is required by other parts of the
+system libraries. For example, some Swedish users who would rather
+read translations in German than English for when Swedish is not
+available, set `LANGUAGE' to `sv:de' while leaving `LANG' to `sv_SE'.
+
+ In the `LANGUAGE' environment variable, but not in the `LANG'
+environment variable, `LL_CC' combinations can be abbreviated as `LL'
+to denote the language's main dialect. For example, `de' is equivalent
+to `de_DE' (German as spoken in Germany), and `pt' to `pt_PT'
+(Portuguese as spoken in Portugal) in this context.
+
+Translating Teams
+=================
+
+ For the Free Translation Project to be a success, we need interested
+people who like their own language and write it well, and who are also
+able to synergize with other translators speaking the same language.
+Each translation team has its own mailing list. The up-to-date list of
+teams can be found at the Free Translation Project's homepage,
+`http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/contrib/po/HTML/', in the "National teams"
+area.
+
+ If you'd like to volunteer to _work_ at translating messages, you
+should become a member of the translating team for your own language.
+The subscribing address is _not_ the same as the list itself, it has
+`-request' appended. For example, speakers of Swedish can send a
+message to `sv-request@li.org', having this message body:
+
+ subscribe
+
+ Keep in mind that team members are expected to participate
+_actively_ in translations, or at solving translational difficulties,
+rather than merely lurking around. If your team does not exist yet and
+you want to start one, or if you are unsure about what to do or how to
+get started, please write to `translation@iro.umontreal.ca' to reach the
+coordinator for all translator teams.
+
+ The English team is special. It works at improving and uniformizing
+the terminology in use. Proven linguistic skill are praised more than
+programming skill, here.
+
+Available Packages
+==================
+
+ Languages are not equally supported in all packages. The following
+matrix shows the current state of internationalization, as of May 2003.
+The matrix shows, in regard of each package, for which languages PO
+files have been submitted to translation coordination, with a
+translation percentage of at least 50%.
+
+ Ready PO files am az be bg ca cs da de el en en_GB eo es
+ +-------------------------------------------+
+ a2ps | [] [] [] [] |
+ aegis | () |
+ anubis | |
+ ap-utils | |
+ bash | [] [] [] |
+ batchelor | |
+ bfd | [] [] |
+ binutils | [] [] |
+ bison | [] [] [] |
+ bluez-pin | [] [] |
+ clisp | |
+ clisp | [] [] [] |
+ coreutils | [] [] [] [] |
+ cpio | [] [] [] |
+ darkstat | () [] |
+ diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ e2fsprogs | [] [] |
+ enscript | [] [] [] [] |
+ error | [] [] [] [] [] |
+ fetchmail | [] () [] [] [] [] |
+ fileutils | [] [] [] |
+ findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ flex | [] [] [] [] |
+ gas | [] |
+ gawk | [] [] [] [] |
+ gcal | [] |
+ gcc | [] [] |
+ gettext | [] [] [] [] [] |
+ gettext-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] |
+ gettext-tools | [] [] |
+ gimp-print | [] [] [] [] [] |
+ gliv | |
+ glunarclock | [] [] [] |
+ gnucash | () [] |
+ gnucash-glossary | [] () [] |
+ gnupg | [] () [] [] [] [] |
+ gpe-calendar | [] |
+ gpe-conf | [] |
+ gpe-contacts | [] |
+ gpe-edit | |
+ gpe-login | [] |
+ gpe-ownerinfo | [] |
+ gpe-sketchbook | [] |
+ gpe-timesheet | |
+ gpe-today | [] |
+ gpe-todo | [] |
+ gphoto2 | [] [] [] [] |
+ gprof | [] [] |
+ gpsdrive | () () () |
+ grep | [] [] [] [] [] |
+ gretl | [] |
+ hello | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ id-utils | [] [] |
+ indent | [] [] [] [] |
+ jpilot | [] [] [] [] |
+ jwhois | [] |
+ kbd | [] [] [] [] [] |
+ ld | [] [] |
+ libc | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ libgpewidget | [] |
+ libiconv | [] [] [] [] [] |
+ lifelines | [] () |
+ lilypond | [] |
+ lingoteach | |
+ lingoteach_lessons | () () |
+ lynx | [] [] [] [] |
+ m4 | [] [] [] [] |
+ mailutils | [] [] |
+ make | [] [] [] |
+ man-db | [] () [] [] () |
+ mysecretdiary | [] [] [] |
+ nano | [] () [] [] [] |
+ nano_1_0 | [] () [] [] [] |
+ opcodes | [] [] |
+ parted | [] [] [] [] [] |
+ ptx | [] [] [] [] [] |
+ python | |
+ radius | |
+ recode | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ screem | |
+ sed | [] [] [] [] [] |
+ sh-utils | [] [] [] |
+ sharutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ sketch | [] () [] |
+ soundtracker | [] [] [] |
+ sp | [] |
+ tar | [] [] [] [] |
+ texinfo | [] [] [] [] |
+ textutils | [] [] [] [] |
+ tin | () () |
+ util-linux | [] [] [] [] [] |
+ vorbis-tools | [] [] [] |
+ wastesedge | () |
+ wdiff | [] [] [] [] |
+ wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ xchat | [] [] [] |
+ xpad | |
+ +-------------------------------------------+
+ am az be bg ca cs da de el en en_GB eo es
+ 0 1 4 2 31 17 54 60 14 1 4 12 56
+
+ et fa fi fr ga gl he hr hu id it ja ko
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ a2ps | [] [] [] () () |
+ aegis | |
+ anubis | [] |
+ ap-utils | [] |
+ bash | [] [] |
+ batchelor | [] |
+ bfd | [] [] |
+ binutils | [] [] |
+ bison | [] [] [] [] |
+ bluez-pin | [] [] [] [] |
+ clisp | |
+ clisp | [] |
+ coreutils | [] [] [] [] |
+ cpio | [] [] [] [] |
+ darkstat | () [] [] [] |
+ diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ e2fsprogs | |
+ enscript | [] [] |
+ error | [] [] [] [] |
+ fetchmail | [] |
+ fileutils | [] [] [] [] [] |
+ findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ flex | [] [] |
+ gas | [] |
+ gawk | [] [] |
+ gcal | [] |
+ gcc | [] |
+ gettext | [] [] [] |
+ gettext-runtime | [] [] [] [] |
+ gettext-tools | [] |
+ gimp-print | [] [] |
+ gliv | () |
+ glunarclock | [] [] [] [] |
+ gnucash | [] |
+ gnucash-glossary | [] |
+ gnupg | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ gpe-calendar | [] |
+ gpe-conf | |
+ gpe-contacts | [] |
+ gpe-edit | [] [] |
+ gpe-login | [] |
+ gpe-ownerinfo | [] [] [] |
+ gpe-sketchbook | [] |
+ gpe-timesheet | [] [] [] |
+ gpe-today | [] [] |
+ gpe-todo | [] [] |
+ gphoto2 | [] [] [] |
+ gprof | [] [] |
+ gpsdrive | () [] () () |
+ grep | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ gretl | [] |
+ hello | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ id-utils | [] [] [] |
+ indent | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ jpilot | [] () |
+ jwhois | [] [] [] [] |
+ kbd | [] |
+ ld | [] |
+ libc | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ libgpewidget | [] [] [] |
+ libiconv | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ lifelines | () |
+ lilypond | [] |
+ lingoteach | [] [] |
+ lingoteach_lessons | |
+ lynx | [] [] [] [] |
+ m4 | [] [] [] [] |
+ mailutils | |
+ make | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ man-db | [] () () |
+ mysecretdiary | [] [] |
+ nano | [] [] [] [] |
+ nano_1_0 | [] [] [] [] |
+ opcodes | [] [] |
+ parted | [] [] [] |
+ ptx | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ python | |
+ radius | |
+ recode | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ screem | |
+ sed | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ sh-utils | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ sharutils | [] [] [] [] [] |
+ sketch | [] |
+ soundtracker | [] [] [] |
+ sp | [] () |
+ tar | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ texinfo | [] [] [] [] |
+ textutils | [] [] [] [] [] |
+ tin | [] () |
+ util-linux | [] [] [] [] () [] |
+ vorbis-tools | [] |
+ wastesedge | () |
+ wdiff | [] [] [] [] [] |
+ wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ xchat | [] [] [] |
+ xpad | |
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ et fa fi fr ga gl he hr hu id it ja ko
+ 20 1 15 73 14 24 8 10 30 31 19 31 9
+
+ lg lt lv ms nb nl nn no pl pt pt_BR ro
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ a2ps | [] [] () () () [] [] |
+ aegis | () |
+ anubis | [] [] |
+ ap-utils | () |
+ bash | [] |
+ batchelor | |
+ bfd | |
+ binutils | |
+ bison | [] [] [] [] |
+ bluez-pin | [] |
+ clisp | |
+ clisp | [] |
+ coreutils | [] |
+ cpio | [] [] [] |
+ darkstat | [] [] [] [] |
+ diffutils | [] [] [] |
+ e2fsprogs | |
+ enscript | [] [] |
+ error | [] [] |
+ fetchmail | () () |
+ fileutils | [] |
+ findutils | [] [] [] [] |
+ flex | [] |
+ gas | |
+ gawk | [] |
+ gcal | |
+ gcc | |
+ gettext | [] |
+ gettext-runtime | [] |
+ gettext-tools | |
+ gimp-print | [] |
+ gliv | [] |
+ glunarclock | [] |
+ gnucash | |
+ gnucash-glossary | [] [] |
+ gnupg | |
+ gpe-calendar | [] [] |
+ gpe-conf | [] [] |
+ gpe-contacts | [] |
+ gpe-edit | [] [] |
+ gpe-login | [] [] |
+ gpe-ownerinfo | [] [] |
+ gpe-sketchbook | [] [] |
+ gpe-timesheet | [] [] |
+ gpe-today | [] [] |
+ gpe-todo | [] [] |
+ gphoto2 | |
+ gprof | [] |
+ gpsdrive | () () () |
+ grep | [] [] [] [] |
+ gretl | |
+ hello | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ id-utils | [] [] [] |
+ indent | [] [] [] |
+ jpilot | () () |
+ jwhois | [] [] [] |
+ kbd | |
+ ld | |
+ libc | [] [] [] [] |
+ libgpewidget | [] [] |
+ libiconv | [] [] |
+ lifelines | |
+ lilypond | [] |
+ lingoteach | |
+ lingoteach_lessons | |
+ lynx | [] [] |
+ m4 | [] [] [] [] |
+ mailutils | |
+ make | [] [] |
+ man-db | [] |
+ mysecretdiary | [] |
+ nano | [] [] [] [] |
+ nano_1_0 | [] [] [] [] |
+ opcodes | [] [] [] |
+ parted | [] [] [] |
+ ptx | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ python | |
+ radius | |
+ recode | [] [] [] |
+ screem | |
+ sed | [] [] |
+ sh-utils | [] |
+ sharutils | [] |
+ sketch | [] |
+ soundtracker | |
+ sp | |
+ tar | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
+ texinfo | [] |
+ textutils | [] |
+ tin | |
+ util-linux | [] [] |
+ vorbis-tools | [] [] |
+ wastesedge | |
+ wdiff | [] [] [] [] |
+ wget | [] [] [] |
+ xchat | [] [] |
+ xpad | [] |
+ +----------------------------------------+
+ lg lt lv ms nb nl nn no pl pt pt_BR ro
+ 0 0 2 11 7 26 3 4 18 15 34 34
+
+ ru sk sl sr sv ta tr uk vi wa zh_CN zh_TW
+ +-------------------------------------------+
+ a2ps | [] [] [] [] [] | 16
+ aegis | () | 0
+ anubis | [] [] | 5
+ ap-utils | () | 1
+ bash | [] | 7
+ batchelor | | 1
+ bfd | [] [] [] | 7
+ binutils | [] [] [] | 7
+ bison | [] [] | 13
+ bluez-pin | | 7
+ clisp | | 0
+ clisp | | 5
+ coreutils | [] [] [] [] [] | 14
+ cpio | [] [] [] | 13
+ darkstat | [] () () | 9
+ diffutils | [] [] [] [] | 21
+ e2fsprogs | [] | 3
+ enscript | [] [] [] | 11
+ error | [] [] [] | 14
+ fetchmail | [] | 7
+ fileutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 15
+ findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 27
+ flex | [] [] [] | 10
+ gas | [] | 3
+ gawk | [] [] | 9
+ gcal | [] [] | 4
+ gcc | [] | 4
+ gettext | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 15
+ gettext-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 16
+ gettext-tools | [] [] | 5
+ gimp-print | [] [] | 10
+ gliv | | 1
+ glunarclock | [] [] [] | 11
+ gnucash | [] [] | 4
+ gnucash-glossary | [] [] [] | 8
+ gnupg | [] [] [] [] | 16
+ gpe-calendar | [] | 5
+ gpe-conf | | 3
+ gpe-contacts | [] | 4
+ gpe-edit | [] | 5
+ gpe-login | [] | 5
+ gpe-ownerinfo | [] | 7
+ gpe-sketchbook | [] | 5
+ gpe-timesheet | [] | 6
+ gpe-today | [] | 6
+ gpe-todo | [] | 6
+ gphoto2 | [] [] | 9
+ gprof | [] [] | 7
+ gpsdrive | [] [] | 3
+ grep | [] [] [] [] | 24
+ gretl | | 2
+ hello | [] [] [] [] [] | 33
+ id-utils | [] [] [] | 11
+ indent | [] [] [] [] | 19
+ jpilot | [] [] [] [] [] | 10
+ jwhois | () () [] [] | 10
+ kbd | [] [] | 8
+ ld | [] [] | 5
+ libc | [] [] [] [] | 20
+ libgpewidget | | 6
+ libiconv | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 21
+ lifelines | [] | 2
+ lilypond | [] | 4
+ lingoteach | | 2
+ lingoteach_lessons | () | 0
+ lynx | [] [] [] [] | 14
+ m4 | [] [] [] | 15
+ mailutils | | 2
+ make | [] [] [] [] | 15
+ man-db | [] | 6
+ mysecretdiary | [] [] | 8
+ nano | [] [] [] | 15
+ nano_1_0 | [] [] [] | 15
+ opcodes | [] [] | 9
+ parted | [] [] | 13
+ ptx | [] [] [] | 22
+ python | | 0
+ radius | | 0
+ recode | [] [] [] [] | 19
+ screem | [] | 1
+ sed | [] [] [] [] [] | 20
+ sh-utils | [] [] [] | 13
+ sharutils | [] [] [] [] | 16
+ sketch | [] | 5
+ soundtracker | [] | 7
+ sp | [] | 3
+ tar | [] [] [] [] [] | 24
+ texinfo | [] [] [] [] | 13
+ textutils | [] [] [] [] [] | 15
+ tin | | 1
+ util-linux | [] [] | 14
+ vorbis-tools | [] | 7
+ wastesedge | | 0
+ wdiff | [] [] [] [] | 17
+ wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 25
+ xchat | [] [] [] | 11
+ xpad | | 1
+ +-------------------------------------------+
+ 50 teams ru sk sl sr sv ta tr uk vi wa zh_CN zh_TW
+ 97 domains 32 19 16 0 56 0 48 10 1 1 12 23 913
+
+ Some counters in the preceding matrix are higher than the number of
+visible blocks let us expect. This is because a few extra PO files are
+used for implementing regional variants of languages, or language
+dialects.
+
+ For a PO file in the matrix above to be effective, the package to
+which it applies should also have been internationalized and
+distributed as such by its maintainer. There might be an observable
+lag between the mere existence a PO file and its wide availability in a
+distribution.
+
+ If May 2003 seems to be old, you may fetch a more recent copy of
+this `ABOUT-NLS' file on most GNU archive sites. The most up-to-date
+matrix with full percentage details can be found at
+`http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/contrib/po/HTML/matrix.html'.
+
+Using `gettext' in new packages
+===============================
+
+ If you are writing a freely available program and want to
+internationalize it you are welcome to use GNU `gettext' in your
+package. Of course you have to respect the GNU Library General Public
+License which covers the use of the GNU `gettext' library. This means
+in particular that even non-free programs can use `libintl' as a shared
+library, whereas only free software can use `libintl' as a static
+library or use modified versions of `libintl'.
+
+ Once the sources are changed appropriately and the setup can handle
+the use of `gettext' the only thing missing are the translations. The
+Free Translation Project is also available for packages which are not
+developed inside the GNU project. Therefore the information given above
+applies also for every other Free Software Project. Contact
+`translation@iro.umontreal.ca' to make the `.pot' files available to
+the translation teams.
+
generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.25.1) at 2025-10-31 20:35:23 +0000