initial commit

1 files changed, 2073 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/x.c b/x.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e394882
--- /dev/null
+++ b/x.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2073 @@
+/* See LICENSE for license details. */
+#include <X11/XKBlib.h>
+#include <X11/Xatom.h>
+#include <X11/Xft/Xft.h>
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <X11/Xresource.h>
+#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
+#include <X11/keysym.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <libgen.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/select.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+char *argv0;
+#include "arg.h"
+#include "st.h"
+#include "win.h"
+
+/* types used in config.h */
+typedef struct {
+  uint mod;
+  KeySym keysym;
+  void (*func)(const Arg *);
+  const Arg arg;
+} Shortcut;
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint mod;
+  uint button;
+  void (*func)(const Arg *);
+  const Arg arg;
+  uint release;
+} MouseShortcut;
+
+typedef struct {
+  KeySym k;
+  uint mask;
+  char *s;
+  /* three-valued logic variables: 0 indifferent, 1 on, -1 off */
+  signed char appkey;    /* application keypad */
+  signed char appcursor; /* application cursor */
+} Key;
+
+/* Xresources preferences */
+enum resource_type { STRING = 0, INTEGER = 1, FLOAT = 2 };
+
+typedef struct {
+  char *name;
+  enum resource_type type;
+  void *dst;
+} ResourcePref;
+
+/* X modifiers */
+#define XK_ANY_MOD UINT_MAX
+#define XK_NO_MOD 0
+#define XK_SWITCH_MOD (1 << 13 | 1 << 14)
+
+/* function definitions used in config.h */
+static void clipcopy(const Arg *);
+static void clippaste(const Arg *);
+static void numlock(const Arg *);
+static void selpaste(const Arg *);
+static void zoom(const Arg *);
+static void zoomabs(const Arg *);
+static void zoomreset(const Arg *);
+static void ttysend(const Arg *);
+
+/* config.h for applying patches and the configuration. */
+#include "config.h"
+
+/* XEMBED messages */
+#define XEMBED_FOCUS_IN 4
+#define XEMBED_FOCUS_OUT 5
+
+/* macros */
+#define IS_SET(flag) ((win.mode & (flag)) != 0)
+#define TRUERED(x) (((x)&0xff0000) >> 8)
+#define TRUEGREEN(x) (((x)&0xff00))
+#define TRUEBLUE(x) (((x)&0xff) << 8)
+
+typedef XftDraw *Draw;
+typedef XftColor Color;
+typedef XftGlyphFontSpec GlyphFontSpec;
+
+/* Purely graphic info */
+typedef struct {
+  int tw, th; /* tty width and height */
+  int w, h;   /* window width and height */
+  int ch;     /* char height */
+  int cw;     /* char width  */
+  int mode;   /* window state/mode flags */
+  int cursor; /* cursor style */
+} TermWindow;
+
+typedef struct {
+  Display *dpy;
+  Colormap cmap;
+  Window win;
+  Drawable buf;
+  GlyphFontSpec *specbuf; /* font spec buffer used for rendering */
+  Atom xembed, wmdeletewin, netwmname, netwmiconname, netwmpid;
+  struct {
+    XIM xim;
+    XIC xic;
+    XPoint spot;
+    XVaNestedList spotlist;
+  } ime;
+  Draw draw;
+  Visual *vis;
+  XSetWindowAttributes attrs;
+  int scr;
+  int isfixed; /* is fixed geometry? */
+  int l, t;    /* left and top offset */
+  int gm;      /* geometry mask */
+} XWindow;
+
+typedef struct {
+  Atom xtarget;
+  char *primary, *clipboard;
+  struct timespec tclick1;
+  struct timespec tclick2;
+} XSelection;
+
+/* Font structure */
+#define Font Font_
+typedef struct {
+  int height;
+  int width;
+  int ascent;
+  int descent;
+  int badslant;
+  int badweight;
+  short lbearing;
+  short rbearing;
+  XftFont *match;
+  FcFontSet *set;
+  FcPattern *pattern;
+} Font;
+
+/* Drawing Context */
+typedef struct {
+  Color *col;
+  size_t collen;
+  Font font, bfont, ifont, ibfont;
+  GC gc;
+} DC;
+
+static inline ushort sixd_to_16bit(int);
+static int xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *, const Glyph *, int, int,
+                               int);
+static void xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *, Glyph, int, int, int);
+static void xdrawglyph(Glyph, int, int);
+static void xclear(int, int, int, int);
+static int xgeommasktogravity(int);
+static int ximopen(Display *);
+static void ximinstantiate(Display *, XPointer, XPointer);
+static void ximdestroy(XIM, XPointer, XPointer);
+static int xicdestroy(XIC, XPointer, XPointer);
+static void xinit(int, int);
+static void cresize(int, int);
+static void xresize(int, int);
+static void xhints(void);
+static int xloadcolor(int, const char *, Color *);
+static int xloadfont(Font *, FcPattern *);
+static void xloadfonts(const char *, double);
+static int xloadsparefont(FcPattern *, int);
+static void xloadsparefonts(void);
+static void xunloadfont(Font *);
+static void xunloadfonts(void);
+static void xsetenv(void);
+static void xseturgency(int);
+static int evcol(XEvent *);
+static int evrow(XEvent *);
+
+static void expose(XEvent *);
+static void visibility(XEvent *);
+static void unmap(XEvent *);
+static void kpress(XEvent *);
+static void cmessage(XEvent *);
+static void resize(XEvent *);
+static void focus(XEvent *);
+static uint buttonmask(uint);
+static int mouseaction(XEvent *, uint);
+static void brelease(XEvent *);
+static void bpress(XEvent *);
+static void bmotion(XEvent *);
+static void propnotify(XEvent *);
+static void selnotify(XEvent *);
+static void selclear_(XEvent *);
+static void selrequest(XEvent *);
+static void setsel(char *, Time);
+static void mousesel(XEvent *, int);
+static void mousereport(XEvent *);
+static char *kmap(KeySym, uint);
+static int match(uint, uint);
+
+static void run(void);
+static void usage(void);
+
+static void (*handler[LASTEvent])(XEvent *) = {
+    [KeyPress] = kpress,
+    [ClientMessage] = cmessage,
+    [ConfigureNotify] = resize,
+    [VisibilityNotify] = visibility,
+    [UnmapNotify] = unmap,
+    [Expose] = expose,
+    [FocusIn] = focus,
+    [FocusOut] = focus,
+    [MotionNotify] = bmotion,
+    [ButtonPress] = bpress,
+    [ButtonRelease] = brelease,
+    /*
+     * Uncomment if you want the selection to disappear when you select
+     * something different in another window.
+     */
+    /*	[SelectionClear] = selclear_, */
+    [SelectionNotify] = selnotify,
+    /*
+     * PropertyNotify is only turned on when there is some INCR transfer
+     * happening for the selection retrieval.
+     */
+    [PropertyNotify] = propnotify,
+    [SelectionRequest] = selrequest,
+};
+
+/* Globals */
+static DC dc;
+static XWindow xw;
+static XSelection xsel;
+static TermWindow win;
+
+/* Font Ring Cache */
+enum { FRC_NORMAL, FRC_ITALIC, FRC_BOLD, FRC_ITALICBOLD };
+
+typedef struct {
+  XftFont *font;
+  int flags;
+  Rune unicodep;
+} Fontcache;
+
+/* Fontcache is an array now. A new font will be appended to the array. */
+static Fontcache *frc = NULL;
+static int frclen = 0;
+static int frccap = 0;
+static char *usedfont = NULL;
+static double usedfontsize = 0;
+static double defaultfontsize = 0;
+
+static char *opt_class = NULL;
+static char **opt_cmd = NULL;
+static char *opt_embed = NULL;
+static char *opt_font = NULL;
+static char *opt_io = NULL;
+static char *opt_line = NULL;
+static char *opt_name = NULL;
+static char *opt_title = NULL;
+
+static int oldbutton = 3; /* button event on startup: 3 = release */
+static int cursorblinks = 0;
+
+void clipcopy(const Arg *dummy) {
+  Atom clipboard;
+
+  free(xsel.clipboard);
+  xsel.clipboard = NULL;
+
+  if (xsel.primary != NULL) {
+    xsel.clipboard = xstrdup(xsel.primary);
+    clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
+    XSetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, clipboard, xw.win, CurrentTime);
+  }
+}
+
+void clippaste(const Arg *dummy) {
+  Atom clipboard;
+
+  clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
+  XConvertSelection(xw.dpy, clipboard, xsel.xtarget, clipboard, xw.win,
+                    CurrentTime);
+}
+
+void selpaste(const Arg *dummy) {
+  XConvertSelection(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY, xsel.xtarget, XA_PRIMARY, xw.win,
+                    CurrentTime);
+}
+
+void numlock(const Arg *dummy) { win.mode ^= MODE_NUMLOCK; }
+
+void zoom(const Arg *arg) {
+  Arg larg;
+
+  larg.f = usedfontsize + arg->f;
+  zoomabs(&larg);
+}
+
+void zoomabs(const Arg *arg) {
+  xunloadfonts();
+  xloadfonts(usedfont, arg->f);
+  xloadsparefonts();
+  cresize(0, 0);
+  redraw();
+  xhints();
+}
+
+void zoomreset(const Arg *arg) {
+  Arg larg;
+
+  if (defaultfontsize > 0) {
+    larg.f = defaultfontsize;
+    zoomabs(&larg);
+  }
+}
+
+void ttysend(const Arg *arg) { ttywrite(arg->s, strlen(arg->s), 1); }
+
+int evcol(XEvent *e) {
+  int x = e->xbutton.x - borderpx;
+  LIMIT(x, 0, win.tw - 1);
+  return x / win.cw;
+}
+
+int evrow(XEvent *e) {
+  int y = e->xbutton.y - borderpx;
+  LIMIT(y, 0, win.th - 1);
+  return y / win.ch;
+}
+
+void mousesel(XEvent *e, int done) {
+  int type, seltype = SEL_REGULAR;
+  uint state = e->xbutton.state & ~(Button1Mask | forcemousemod);
+
+  for (type = 1; type < LEN(selmasks); ++type) {
+    if (match(selmasks[type], state)) {
+      seltype = type;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  selextend(evcol(e), evrow(e), seltype, done);
+  if (done)
+    setsel(getsel(), e->xbutton.time);
+}
+
+void mousereport(XEvent *e) {
+  int len, x = evcol(e), y = evrow(e), button = e->xbutton.button,
+           state = e->xbutton.state;
+  char buf[40];
+  static int ox, oy;
+
+  /* from urxvt */
+  if (e->xbutton.type == MotionNotify) {
+    if (x == ox && y == oy)
+      return;
+    if (!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMOTION) && !IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMANY))
+      return;
+    /* MOUSE_MOTION: no reporting if no button is pressed */
+    if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMOTION) && oldbutton == 3)
+      return;
+
+    button = oldbutton + 32;
+    ox = x;
+    oy = y;
+  } else {
+    if (!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSESGR) && e->xbutton.type == ButtonRelease) {
+      button = 3;
+    } else {
+      button -= Button1;
+      if (button >= 7)
+        button += 128 - 7;
+      else if (button >= 3)
+        button += 64 - 3;
+    }
+    if (e->xbutton.type == ButtonPress) {
+      oldbutton = button;
+      ox = x;
+      oy = y;
+    } else if (e->xbutton.type == ButtonRelease) {
+      oldbutton = 3;
+      /* MODE_MOUSEX10: no button release reporting */
+      if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEX10))
+        return;
+      if (button == 64 || button == 65)
+        return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEX10)) {
+    button += ((state & ShiftMask) ? 4 : 0) + ((state & Mod4Mask) ? 8 : 0) +
+              ((state & ControlMask) ? 16 : 0);
+  }
+
+  if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSESGR)) {
+    len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[<%d;%d;%d%c", button, x + 1, y + 1,
+                   e->xbutton.type == ButtonRelease ? 'm' : 'M');
+  } else if (x < 223 && y < 223) {
+    len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[M%c%c%c", 32 + button, 32 + x + 1,
+                   32 + y + 1);
+  } else {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ttywrite(buf, len, 0);
+}
+
+uint buttonmask(uint button) {
+  return button == Button1   ? Button1Mask
+         : button == Button2 ? Button2Mask
+         : button == Button3 ? Button3Mask
+         : button == Button4 ? Button4Mask
+         : button == Button5 ? Button5Mask
+                             : 0;
+}
+
+int mouseaction(XEvent *e, uint release) {
+  MouseShortcut *ms;
+
+  /* ignore Button<N>mask for Button<N> - it's set on release */
+  uint state = e->xbutton.state & ~buttonmask(e->xbutton.button);
+
+  for (ms = mshortcuts; ms < mshortcuts + LEN(mshortcuts); ms++) {
+    if (ms->release == release && ms->button == e->xbutton.button &&
+        (match(ms->mod, state) || /* exact or forced */
+         match(ms->mod, state & ~forcemousemod))) {
+      ms->func(&(ms->arg));
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void bpress(XEvent *e) {
+  struct timespec now;
+  int snap;
+
+  if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forcemousemod)) {
+    mousereport(e);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (mouseaction(e, 0))
+    return;
+
+  if (e->xbutton.button == Button1) {
+    /*
+     * If the user clicks below predefined timeouts specific
+     * snapping behaviour is exposed.
+     */
+    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
+    if (TIMEDIFF(now, xsel.tclick2) <= tripleclicktimeout) {
+      snap = SNAP_LINE;
+    } else if (TIMEDIFF(now, xsel.tclick1) <= doubleclicktimeout) {
+      snap = SNAP_WORD;
+    } else {
+      snap = 0;
+    }
+    xsel.tclick2 = xsel.tclick1;
+    xsel.tclick1 = now;
+
+    selstart(evcol(e), evrow(e), snap);
+  }
+}
+
+void propnotify(XEvent *e) {
+  XPropertyEvent *xpev;
+  Atom clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
+
+  xpev = &e->xproperty;
+  if (xpev->state == PropertyNewValue &&
+      (xpev->atom == XA_PRIMARY || xpev->atom == clipboard)) {
+    selnotify(e);
+  }
+}
+
+void selnotify(XEvent *e) {
+  ulong nitems, ofs, rem;
+  int format;
+  uchar *data, *last, *repl;
+  Atom type, incratom, property = None;
+
+  incratom = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "INCR", 0);
+
+  ofs = 0;
+  if (e->type == SelectionNotify)
+    property = e->xselection.property;
+  else if (e->type == PropertyNotify)
+    property = e->xproperty.atom;
+
+  if (property == None)
+    return;
+
+  do {
+    if (XGetWindowProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, property, ofs, BUFSIZ / 4, False,
+                           AnyPropertyType, &type, &format, &nitems, &rem,
+                           &data)) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Clipboard allocation failed\n");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (e->type == PropertyNotify && nitems == 0 && rem == 0) {
+      /*
+       * If there is some PropertyNotify with no data, then
+       * this is the signal of the selection owner that all
+       * data has been transferred. We won't need to receive
+       * PropertyNotify events anymore.
+       */
+      MODBIT(xw.attrs.event_mask, 0, PropertyChangeMask);
+      XChangeWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, xw.win, CWEventMask, &xw.attrs);
+    }
+
+    if (type == incratom) {
+      /*
+       * Activate the PropertyNotify events so we receive
+       * when the selection owner does send us the next
+       * chunk of data.
+       */
+      MODBIT(xw.attrs.event_mask, 1, PropertyChangeMask);
+      XChangeWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, xw.win, CWEventMask, &xw.attrs);
+
+      /*
+       * Deleting the property is the transfer start signal.
+       */
+      XDeleteProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, (int)property);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * As seen in getsel:
+     * Line endings are inconsistent in the terminal and GUI world
+     * copy and pasting. When receiving some selection data,
+     * replace all '\n' with '\r'.
+     * FIXME: Fix the computer world.
+     */
+    repl = data;
+    last = data + nitems * format / 8;
+    while ((repl = memchr(repl, '\n', last - repl))) {
+      *repl++ = '\r';
+    }
+
+    if (IS_SET(MODE_BRCKTPASTE) && ofs == 0)
+      ttywrite("\033[200~", 6, 0);
+    ttywrite((char *)data, nitems * format / 8, 1);
+    if (IS_SET(MODE_BRCKTPASTE) && rem == 0)
+      ttywrite("\033[201~", 6, 0);
+    XFree(data);
+    /* number of 32-bit chunks returned */
+    ofs += nitems * format / 32;
+  } while (rem > 0);
+
+  /*
+   * Deleting the property again tells the selection owner to send the
+   * next data chunk in the property.
+   */
+  XDeleteProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, (int)property);
+}
+
+void xclipcopy(void) { clipcopy(NULL); }
+
+void selclear_(XEvent *e) { selclear(); }
+
+void selrequest(XEvent *e) {
+  XSelectionRequestEvent *xsre;
+  XSelectionEvent xev;
+  Atom xa_targets, string, clipboard;
+  char *seltext;
+
+  xsre = (XSelectionRequestEvent *)e;
+  xev.type = SelectionNotify;
+  xev.requestor = xsre->requestor;
+  xev.selection = xsre->selection;
+  xev.target = xsre->target;
+  xev.time = xsre->time;
+  if (xsre->property == None)
+    xsre->property = xsre->target;
+
+  /* reject */
+  xev.property = None;
+
+  xa_targets = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "TARGETS", 0);
+  if (xsre->target == xa_targets) {
+    /* respond with the supported type */
+    string = xsel.xtarget;
+    XChangeProperty(xsre->display, xsre->requestor, xsre->property, XA_ATOM, 32,
+                    PropModeReplace, (uchar *)&string, 1);
+    xev.property = xsre->property;
+  } else if (xsre->target == xsel.xtarget || xsre->target == XA_STRING) {
+    /*
+     * xith XA_STRING non ascii characters may be incorrect in the
+     * requestor. It is not our problem, use utf8.
+     */
+    clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
+    if (xsre->selection == XA_PRIMARY) {
+      seltext = xsel.primary;
+    } else if (xsre->selection == clipboard) {
+      seltext = xsel.clipboard;
+    } else {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Unhandled clipboard selection 0x%lx\n", xsre->selection);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (seltext != NULL) {
+      XChangeProperty(xsre->display, xsre->requestor, xsre->property,
+                      xsre->target, 8, PropModeReplace, (uchar *)seltext,
+                      strlen(seltext));
+      xev.property = xsre->property;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* all done, send a notification to the listener */
+  if (!XSendEvent(xsre->display, xsre->requestor, 1, 0, (XEvent *)&xev))
+    fprintf(stderr, "Error sending SelectionNotify event\n");
+}
+
+void setsel(char *str, Time t) {
+  if (!str)
+    return;
+
+  free(xsel.primary);
+  xsel.primary = str;
+
+  XSetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY, xw.win, t);
+  if (XGetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY) != xw.win)
+    selclear();
+  clipcopy(NULL);
+}
+
+void xsetsel(char *str) { setsel(str, CurrentTime); }
+
+void brelease(XEvent *e) {
+  if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forcemousemod)) {
+    mousereport(e);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (mouseaction(e, 1))
+    return;
+  if (e->xbutton.button == Button1)
+    mousesel(e, 1);
+}
+
+void bmotion(XEvent *e) {
+  if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forcemousemod)) {
+    mousereport(e);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  mousesel(e, 0);
+}
+
+void cresize(int width, int height) {
+  int col, row;
+
+  if (width != 0)
+    win.w = width;
+  if (height != 0)
+    win.h = height;
+
+  col = (win.w - 2 * borderpx) / win.cw;
+  row = (win.h - 2 * borderpx) / win.ch;
+  col = MAX(1, col);
+  row = MAX(1, row);
+
+  tresize(col, row);
+  xresize(col, row);
+  ttyresize(win.tw, win.th);
+}
+
+void xresize(int col, int row) {
+  win.tw = col * win.cw;
+  win.th = row * win.ch;
+
+  XFreePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.buf);
+  xw.buf =
+      XCreatePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.win, win.w, win.h, DefaultDepth(xw.dpy, xw.scr));
+  XftDrawChange(xw.draw, xw.buf);
+  xclear(0, 0, win.w, win.h);
+
+  /* resize to new width */
+  xw.specbuf = xrealloc(xw.specbuf, col * sizeof(GlyphFontSpec));
+}
+
+ushort sixd_to_16bit(int x) { return x == 0 ? 0 : 0x3737 + 0x2828 * x; }
+
+int xloadcolor(int i, const char *name, Color *ncolor) {
+  XRenderColor color = {.alpha = 0xffff};
+
+  if (!name) {
+    if (BETWEEN(i, 16, 255)) {  /* 256 color */
+      if (i < 6 * 6 * 6 + 16) { /* same colors as xterm */
+        color.red = sixd_to_16bit(((i - 16) / 36) % 6);
+        color.green = sixd_to_16bit(((i - 16) / 6) % 6);
+        color.blue = sixd_to_16bit(((i - 16) / 1) % 6);
+      } else { /* greyscale */
+        color.red = 0x0808 + 0x0a0a * (i - (6 * 6 * 6 + 16));
+        color.green = color.blue = color.red;
+      }
+      return XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &color, ncolor);
+    } else
+      name = colorname[i];
+  }
+
+  return XftColorAllocName(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, name, ncolor);
+}
+
+void xloadcols(void) {
+  int i;
+  static int loaded;
+  Color *cp;
+
+  if (loaded) {
+    for (cp = dc.col; cp < &dc.col[dc.collen]; ++cp)
+      XftColorFree(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, cp);
+  } else {
+    dc.collen = MAX(LEN(colorname), 256);
+    dc.col = xmalloc(dc.collen * sizeof(Color));
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < dc.collen; i++)
+    if (!xloadcolor(i, NULL, &dc.col[i])) {
+      if (colorname[i])
+        die("could not allocate color '%s'\n", colorname[i]);
+      else
+        die("could not allocate color %d\n", i);
+    }
+  loaded = 1;
+}
+
+int xgetcolor(int x, unsigned char *r, unsigned char *g, unsigned char *b) {
+  if (!BETWEEN(x, 0, dc.collen))
+    return 1;
+
+  *r = dc.col[x].color.red >> 8;
+  *g = dc.col[x].color.green >> 8;
+  *b = dc.col[x].color.blue >> 8;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int xsetcolorname(int x, const char *name) {
+  Color ncolor;
+
+  if (!BETWEEN(x, 0, dc.collen))
+    return 1;
+
+  if (!xloadcolor(x, name, &ncolor))
+    return 1;
+
+  XftColorFree(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &dc.col[x]);
+  dc.col[x] = ncolor;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Absolute coordinates.
+ */
+void xclear(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
+  XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &dc.col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE) ? defaultfg : defaultbg],
+              x1, y1, x2 - x1, y2 - y1);
+}
+
+void xhints(void) {
+  XClassHint class = {opt_name ? opt_name : "st", opt_class ? opt_class : "St"};
+  XWMHints wm = {.flags = InputHint, .input = 1};
+  XSizeHints *sizeh;
+
+  sizeh = XAllocSizeHints();
+
+  sizeh->flags = PSize | PResizeInc | PBaseSize | PMinSize;
+  sizeh->height = win.h;
+  sizeh->width = win.w;
+  sizeh->height_inc = win.ch;
+  sizeh->width_inc = win.cw;
+  sizeh->base_height = 2 * borderpx;
+  sizeh->base_width = 2 * borderpx;
+  sizeh->min_height = win.ch + 2 * borderpx;
+  sizeh->min_width = win.cw + 2 * borderpx;
+  if (xw.isfixed) {
+    sizeh->flags |= PMaxSize;
+    sizeh->min_width = sizeh->max_width = win.w;
+    sizeh->min_height = sizeh->max_height = win.h;
+  }
+  if (xw.gm & (XValue | YValue)) {
+    sizeh->flags |= USPosition | PWinGravity;
+    sizeh->x = xw.l;
+    sizeh->y = xw.t;
+    sizeh->win_gravity = xgeommasktogravity(xw.gm);
+  }
+
+  XSetWMProperties(xw.dpy, xw.win, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, sizeh, &wm, &class);
+  XFree(sizeh);
+}
+
+int xgeommasktogravity(int mask) {
+  switch (mask & (XNegative | YNegative)) {
+  case 0:
+    return NorthWestGravity;
+  case XNegative:
+    return NorthEastGravity;
+  case YNegative:
+    return SouthWestGravity;
+  }
+
+  return SouthEastGravity;
+}
+
+int xloadfont(Font *f, FcPattern *pattern) {
+  FcPattern *configured;
+  FcPattern *match;
+  FcResult result;
+  XGlyphInfo extents;
+  int wantattr, haveattr;
+
+  /*
+   * Manually configure instead of calling XftMatchFont
+   * so that we can use the configured pattern for
+   * "missing glyph" lookups.
+   */
+  configured = FcPatternDuplicate(pattern);
+  if (!configured)
+    return 1;
+
+  FcConfigSubstitute(NULL, configured, FcMatchPattern);
+  XftDefaultSubstitute(xw.dpy, xw.scr, configured);
+
+  match = FcFontMatch(NULL, configured, &result);
+  if (!match) {
+    FcPatternDestroy(configured);
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  if (!(f->match = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy, match))) {
+    FcPatternDestroy(configured);
+    FcPatternDestroy(match);
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  if ((XftPatternGetInteger(pattern, "slant", 0, &wantattr) ==
+       XftResultMatch)) {
+    /*
+     * Check if xft was unable to find a font with the appropriate
+     * slant but gave us one anyway. Try to mitigate.
+     */
+    if ((XftPatternGetInteger(f->match->pattern, "slant", 0, &haveattr) !=
+         XftResultMatch) ||
+        haveattr < wantattr) {
+      f->badslant = 1;
+      fputs("font slant does not match\n", stderr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ((XftPatternGetInteger(pattern, "weight", 0, &wantattr) ==
+       XftResultMatch)) {
+    if ((XftPatternGetInteger(f->match->pattern, "weight", 0, &haveattr) !=
+         XftResultMatch) ||
+        haveattr != wantattr) {
+      f->badweight = 1;
+      fputs("font weight does not match\n", stderr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  XftTextExtentsUtf8(xw.dpy, f->match, (const FcChar8 *)ascii_printable,
+                     strlen(ascii_printable), &extents);
+
+  f->set = NULL;
+  f->pattern = configured;
+
+  f->ascent = f->match->ascent;
+  f->descent = f->match->descent;
+  f->lbearing = 0;
+  f->rbearing = f->match->max_advance_width;
+
+  f->height = f->ascent + f->descent;
+  f->width = DIVCEIL(extents.xOff, strlen(ascii_printable));
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void xloadfonts(const char *fontstr, double fontsize) {
+  FcPattern *pattern;
+  double fontval;
+
+  if (fontstr[0] == '-')
+    pattern = XftXlfdParse(fontstr, False, False);
+  else
+    pattern = FcNameParse((const FcChar8 *)fontstr);
+
+  if (!pattern)
+    die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
+
+  if (fontsize > 1) {
+    FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE);
+    FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SIZE);
+    FcPatternAddDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, (double)fontsize);
+    usedfontsize = fontsize;
+  } else {
+    if (FcPatternGetDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 0, &fontval) ==
+        FcResultMatch) {
+      usedfontsize = fontval;
+    } else if (FcPatternGetDouble(pattern, FC_SIZE, 0, &fontval) ==
+               FcResultMatch) {
+      usedfontsize = -1;
+    } else {
+      /*
+       * Default font size is 12, if none given. This is to
+       * have a known usedfontsize value.
+       */
+      FcPatternAddDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 12);
+      usedfontsize = 12;
+    }
+    defaultfontsize = usedfontsize;
+  }
+
+  if (xloadfont(&dc.font, pattern))
+    die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
+
+  if (usedfontsize < 0) {
+    FcPatternGetDouble(dc.font.match->pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 0, &fontval);
+    usedfontsize = fontval;
+    if (fontsize == 0)
+      defaultfontsize = fontval;
+  }
+
+  /* Setting character width and height. */
+  win.cw = ceilf(dc.font.width * cwscale);
+  win.ch = ceilf(dc.font.height * chscale);
+
+  FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SLANT);
+  FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_SLANT, FC_SLANT_ITALIC);
+  if (xloadfont(&dc.ifont, pattern))
+    die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
+
+  FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_WEIGHT);
+  FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_WEIGHT, FC_WEIGHT_BOLD);
+  if (xloadfont(&dc.ibfont, pattern))
+    die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
+
+  FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SLANT);
+  FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_SLANT, FC_SLANT_ROMAN);
+  if (xloadfont(&dc.bfont, pattern))
+    die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
+
+  FcPatternDestroy(pattern);
+}
+
+int xloadsparefont(FcPattern *pattern, int flags) {
+  FcPattern *match;
+  FcResult result;
+
+  match = FcFontMatch(NULL, pattern, &result);
+  if (!match) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  if (!(frc[frclen].font = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy, match))) {
+    FcPatternDestroy(match);
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  frc[frclen].flags = flags;
+  /* Believe U+0000 glyph will present in each default font */
+  frc[frclen].unicodep = 0;
+  frclen++;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void xloadsparefonts(void) {
+  FcPattern *pattern;
+  double sizeshift, fontval;
+  int fc;
+  char **fp;
+
+  if (frclen != 0)
+    die("can't embed spare fonts. cache isn't empty");
+
+  /* Calculate count of spare fonts */
+  fc = sizeof(font2) / sizeof(*font2);
+  if (fc == 0)
+    return;
+
+  /* Allocate memory for cache entries. */
+  if (frccap < 4 * fc) {
+    frccap += 4 * fc - frccap;
+    frc = xrealloc(frc, frccap * sizeof(Fontcache));
+  }
+
+  for (fp = font2; fp - font2 < fc; ++fp) {
+
+    if (**fp == '-')
+      pattern = XftXlfdParse(*fp, False, False);
+    else
+      pattern = FcNameParse((FcChar8 *)*fp);
+
+    if (!pattern)
+      die("can't open spare font %s\n", *fp);
+
+    if (defaultfontsize > 0) {
+      sizeshift = usedfontsize - defaultfontsize;
+      if (sizeshift != 0 && FcPatternGetDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 0,
+                                               &fontval) == FcResultMatch) {
+        fontval += sizeshift;
+        FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE);
+        FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SIZE);
+        FcPatternAddDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, fontval);
+      }
+    }
+
+    FcPatternAddBool(pattern, FC_SCALABLE, 1);
+
+    FcConfigSubstitute(NULL, pattern, FcMatchPattern);
+    XftDefaultSubstitute(xw.dpy, xw.scr, pattern);
+
+    if (xloadsparefont(pattern, FRC_NORMAL))
+      die("can't open spare font %s\n", *fp);
+
+    FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SLANT);
+    FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_SLANT, FC_SLANT_ITALIC);
+    if (xloadsparefont(pattern, FRC_ITALIC))
+      die("can't open spare font %s\n", *fp);
+
+    FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_WEIGHT);
+    FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_WEIGHT, FC_WEIGHT_BOLD);
+    if (xloadsparefont(pattern, FRC_ITALICBOLD))
+      die("can't open spare font %s\n", *fp);
+
+    FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SLANT);
+    FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_SLANT, FC_SLANT_ROMAN);
+    if (xloadsparefont(pattern, FRC_BOLD))
+      die("can't open spare font %s\n", *fp);
+
+    FcPatternDestroy(pattern);
+  }
+}
+
+void xunloadfont(Font *f) {
+  XftFontClose(xw.dpy, f->match);
+  FcPatternDestroy(f->pattern);
+  if (f->set)
+    FcFontSetDestroy(f->set);
+}
+
+void xunloadfonts(void) {
+  /* Free the loaded fonts in the font cache.  */
+  while (frclen > 0)
+    XftFontClose(xw.dpy, frc[--frclen].font);
+
+  xunloadfont(&dc.font);
+  xunloadfont(&dc.bfont);
+  xunloadfont(&dc.ifont);
+  xunloadfont(&dc.ibfont);
+}
+
+int ximopen(Display *dpy) {
+  XIMCallback imdestroy = {.client_data = NULL, .callback = ximdestroy};
+  XICCallback icdestroy = {.client_data = NULL, .callback = xicdestroy};
+
+  xw.ime.xim = XOpenIM(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  if (xw.ime.xim == NULL)
+    return 0;
+
+  if (XSetIMValues(xw.ime.xim, XNDestroyCallback, &imdestroy, NULL))
+    fprintf(stderr, "XSetIMValues: "
+                    "Could not set XNDestroyCallback.\n");
+
+  xw.ime.spotlist = XVaCreateNestedList(0, XNSpotLocation, &xw.ime.spot, NULL);
+
+  if (xw.ime.xic == NULL) {
+    xw.ime.xic = XCreateIC(xw.ime.xim, XNInputStyle,
+                           XIMPreeditNothing | XIMStatusNothing, XNClientWindow,
+                           xw.win, XNDestroyCallback, &icdestroy, NULL);
+  }
+  if (xw.ime.xic == NULL)
+    fprintf(stderr, "XCreateIC: Could not create input context.\n");
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+void ximinstantiate(Display *dpy, XPointer client, XPointer call) {
+  if (ximopen(dpy))
+    XUnregisterIMInstantiateCallback(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL, ximinstantiate,
+                                     NULL);
+}
+
+void ximdestroy(XIM xim, XPointer client, XPointer call) {
+  xw.ime.xim = NULL;
+  XRegisterIMInstantiateCallback(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL, ximinstantiate,
+                                 NULL);
+  XFree(xw.ime.spotlist);
+}
+
+int xicdestroy(XIC xim, XPointer client, XPointer call) {
+  xw.ime.xic = NULL;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+void xinit(int cols, int rows) {
+  XGCValues gcvalues;
+  Cursor cursor;
+  Window parent;
+  pid_t thispid = getpid();
+  XColor xmousefg, xmousebg;
+
+  xw.scr = XDefaultScreen(xw.dpy);
+  xw.vis = XDefaultVisual(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
+
+  /* font */
+  if (!FcInit())
+    die("could not init fontconfig.\n");
+
+  usedfont = (opt_font == NULL) ? font : opt_font;
+  xloadfonts(usedfont, 0);
+
+  /* spare fonts */
+  xloadsparefonts();
+
+  /* colors */
+  xw.cmap = XDefaultColormap(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
+  xloadcols();
+
+  /* adjust fixed window geometry */
+  win.w = 2 * borderpx + cols * win.cw;
+  win.h = 2 * borderpx + rows * win.ch;
+  if (xw.gm & XNegative)
+    xw.l += DisplayWidth(xw.dpy, xw.scr) - win.w - 2;
+  if (xw.gm & YNegative)
+    xw.t += DisplayHeight(xw.dpy, xw.scr) - win.h - 2;
+
+  /* Events */
+  xw.attrs.background_pixel = dc.col[defaultbg].pixel;
+  xw.attrs.border_pixel = dc.col[defaultbg].pixel;
+  xw.attrs.bit_gravity = NorthWestGravity;
+  xw.attrs.event_mask = FocusChangeMask | KeyPressMask | KeyReleaseMask |
+                        ExposureMask | VisibilityChangeMask |
+                        StructureNotifyMask | ButtonMotionMask |
+                        ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask;
+  xw.attrs.colormap = xw.cmap;
+
+  if (!(opt_embed && (parent = strtol(opt_embed, NULL, 0))))
+    parent = XRootWindow(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
+  xw.win = XCreateWindow(xw.dpy, parent, xw.l, xw.t, win.w, win.h, 0,
+                         XDefaultDepth(xw.dpy, xw.scr), InputOutput, xw.vis,
+                         CWBackPixel | CWBorderPixel | CWBitGravity |
+                             CWEventMask | CWColormap,
+                         &xw.attrs);
+
+  memset(&gcvalues, 0, sizeof(gcvalues));
+  gcvalues.graphics_exposures = False;
+  dc.gc = XCreateGC(xw.dpy, parent, GCGraphicsExposures, &gcvalues);
+  xw.buf =
+      XCreatePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.win, win.w, win.h, DefaultDepth(xw.dpy, xw.scr));
+  XSetForeground(xw.dpy, dc.gc, dc.col[defaultbg].pixel);
+  XFillRectangle(xw.dpy, xw.buf, dc.gc, 0, 0, win.w, win.h);
+
+  /* font spec buffer */
+  xw.specbuf = xmalloc(cols * sizeof(GlyphFontSpec));
+
+  /* Xft rendering context */
+  xw.draw = XftDrawCreate(xw.dpy, xw.buf, xw.vis, xw.cmap);
+
+  /* input methods */
+  if (!ximopen(xw.dpy)) {
+    XRegisterIMInstantiateCallback(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL, ximinstantiate,
+                                   NULL);
+  }
+
+  /* white cursor, black outline */
+  cursor = XCreateFontCursor(xw.dpy, mouseshape);
+  XDefineCursor(xw.dpy, xw.win, cursor);
+
+  if (XParseColor(xw.dpy, xw.cmap, colorname[mousefg], &xmousefg) == 0) {
+    xmousefg.red = 0xffff;
+    xmousefg.green = 0xffff;
+    xmousefg.blue = 0xffff;
+  }
+
+  if (XParseColor(xw.dpy, xw.cmap, colorname[mousebg], &xmousebg) == 0) {
+    xmousebg.red = 0x0000;
+    xmousebg.green = 0x0000;
+    xmousebg.blue = 0x0000;
+  }
+
+  XRecolorCursor(xw.dpy, cursor, &xmousefg, &xmousebg);
+
+  xw.xembed = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_XEMBED", False);
+  xw.wmdeletewin = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
+  xw.netwmname = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
+  xw.netwmiconname = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_NET_WM_ICON_NAME", False);
+  XSetWMProtocols(xw.dpy, xw.win, &xw.wmdeletewin, 1);
+
+  xw.netwmpid = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_NET_WM_PID", False);
+  XChangeProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, xw.netwmpid, XA_CARDINAL, 32, PropModeReplace,
+                  (uchar *)&thispid, 1);
+
+  win.mode = MODE_NUMLOCK;
+  resettitle();
+  xhints();
+  XMapWindow(xw.dpy, xw.win);
+  XSync(xw.dpy, False);
+
+  clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &xsel.tclick1);
+  clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &xsel.tclick2);
+  xsel.primary = NULL;
+  xsel.clipboard = NULL;
+  xsel.xtarget = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "UTF8_STRING", 0);
+  if (xsel.xtarget == None)
+    xsel.xtarget = XA_STRING;
+}
+
+int xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, const Glyph *glyphs, int len,
+                        int x, int y) {
+  float winx = borderpx + x * win.cw, winy = borderpx + y * win.ch, xp, yp;
+  ushort mode, prevmode = USHRT_MAX;
+  Font *font = &dc.font;
+  int frcflags = FRC_NORMAL;
+  float runewidth = win.cw;
+  Rune rune;
+  FT_UInt glyphidx;
+  FcResult fcres;
+  FcPattern *fcpattern, *fontpattern;
+  FcFontSet *fcsets[] = {NULL};
+  FcCharSet *fccharset;
+  int i, f, numspecs = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0, xp = winx, yp = winy + font->ascent; i < len; ++i) {
+    /* Fetch rune and mode for current glyph. */
+    rune = glyphs[i].u;
+    mode = glyphs[i].mode;
+
+    /* Skip dummy wide-character spacing. */
+    if (mode == ATTR_WDUMMY)
+      continue;
+
+    /* Determine font for glyph if different from previous glyph. */
+    if (prevmode != mode) {
+      prevmode = mode;
+      font = &dc.font;
+      frcflags = FRC_NORMAL;
+      runewidth = win.cw * ((mode & ATTR_WIDE) ? 2.0f : 1.0f);
+      if ((mode & ATTR_ITALIC) && (mode & ATTR_BOLD)) {
+        font = &dc.ibfont;
+        frcflags = FRC_ITALICBOLD;
+      } else if (mode & ATTR_ITALIC) {
+        font = &dc.ifont;
+        frcflags = FRC_ITALIC;
+      } else if (mode & ATTR_BOLD) {
+        font = &dc.bfont;
+        frcflags = FRC_BOLD;
+      }
+      yp = winy + font->ascent;
+    }
+
+    /* Lookup character index with default font. */
+    glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, font->match, rune);
+    if (glyphidx) {
+      specs[numspecs].font = font->match;
+      specs[numspecs].glyph = glyphidx;
+      specs[numspecs].x = (short)xp;
+      specs[numspecs].y = (short)yp;
+      xp += runewidth;
+      numspecs++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    /* Fallback on font cache, search the font cache for match. */
+    for (f = 0; f < frclen; f++) {
+      glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, frc[f].font, rune);
+      /* Everything correct. */
+      if (glyphidx && frc[f].flags == frcflags)
+        break;
+      /* We got a default font for a not found glyph. */
+      if (!glyphidx && frc[f].flags == frcflags && frc[f].unicodep == rune) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Nothing was found. Use fontconfig to find matching font. */
+    if (f >= frclen) {
+      if (!font->set)
+        font->set = FcFontSort(0, font->pattern, 1, 0, &fcres);
+      fcsets[0] = font->set;
+
+      /*
+       * Nothing was found in the cache. Now use
+       * some dozen of Fontconfig calls to get the
+       * font for one single character.
+       *
+       * Xft and fontconfig are design failures.
+       */
+      fcpattern = FcPatternDuplicate(font->pattern);
+      fccharset = FcCharSetCreate();
+
+      FcCharSetAddChar(fccharset, rune);
+      FcPatternAddCharSet(fcpattern, FC_CHARSET, fccharset);
+      FcPatternAddBool(fcpattern, FC_SCALABLE, 1);
+
+      FcConfigSubstitute(0, fcpattern, FcMatchPattern);
+      FcDefaultSubstitute(fcpattern);
+
+      fontpattern = FcFontSetMatch(0, fcsets, 1, fcpattern, &fcres);
+
+      /* Allocate memory for the new cache entry. */
+      if (frclen >= frccap) {
+        frccap += 16;
+        frc = xrealloc(frc, frccap * sizeof(Fontcache));
+      }
+
+      frc[frclen].font = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy, fontpattern);
+      if (!frc[frclen].font)
+        die("XftFontOpenPattern failed seeking fallback font: %s\n",
+            strerror(errno));
+      frc[frclen].flags = frcflags;
+      frc[frclen].unicodep = rune;
+
+      glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, frc[frclen].font, rune);
+
+      f = frclen;
+      frclen++;
+
+      FcPatternDestroy(fcpattern);
+      FcCharSetDestroy(fccharset);
+    }
+
+    specs[numspecs].font = frc[f].font;
+    specs[numspecs].glyph = glyphidx;
+    specs[numspecs].x = (short)xp;
+    specs[numspecs].y = (short)yp;
+    xp += runewidth;
+    numspecs++;
+  }
+
+  return numspecs;
+}
+
+void xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, Glyph base, int len,
+                         int x, int y) {
+  int charlen = len * ((base.mode & ATTR_WIDE) ? 2 : 1);
+  int winx = borderpx + x * win.cw, winy = borderpx + y * win.ch,
+      width = charlen * win.cw;
+  Color *fg, *bg, *temp, revfg, revbg, truefg, truebg;
+  XRenderColor colfg, colbg;
+  XRectangle r;
+
+  /* Fallback on color display for attributes not supported by the font */
+  if (base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC && base.mode & ATTR_BOLD) {
+    if (dc.ibfont.badslant || dc.ibfont.badweight)
+      base.fg = defaultattr;
+  } else if ((base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC && dc.ifont.badslant) ||
+             (base.mode & ATTR_BOLD && dc.bfont.badweight)) {
+    base.fg = defaultattr;
+  }
+
+  if (IS_TRUECOL(base.fg)) {
+    colfg.alpha = 0xffff;
+    colfg.red = TRUERED(base.fg);
+    colfg.green = TRUEGREEN(base.fg);
+    colfg.blue = TRUEBLUE(base.fg);
+    XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colfg, &truefg);
+    fg = &truefg;
+  } else {
+    fg = &dc.col[base.fg];
+  }
+
+  if (IS_TRUECOL(base.bg)) {
+    colbg.alpha = 0xffff;
+    colbg.green = TRUEGREEN(base.bg);
+    colbg.red = TRUERED(base.bg);
+    colbg.blue = TRUEBLUE(base.bg);
+    XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colbg, &truebg);
+    bg = &truebg;
+  } else {
+    bg = &dc.col[base.bg];
+  }
+
+  if (IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)) {
+    if (fg == &dc.col[defaultfg]) {
+      fg = &dc.col[defaultbg];
+    } else {
+      colfg.red = ~fg->color.red;
+      colfg.green = ~fg->color.green;
+      colfg.blue = ~fg->color.blue;
+      colfg.alpha = fg->color.alpha;
+      XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colfg, &revfg);
+      fg = &revfg;
+    }
+
+    if (bg == &dc.col[defaultbg]) {
+      bg = &dc.col[defaultfg];
+    } else {
+      colbg.red = ~bg->color.red;
+      colbg.green = ~bg->color.green;
+      colbg.blue = ~bg->color.blue;
+      colbg.alpha = bg->color.alpha;
+      XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colbg, &revbg);
+      bg = &revbg;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ((base.mode & ATTR_BOLD_FAINT) == ATTR_FAINT) {
+    colfg.red = fg->color.red / 2;
+    colfg.green = fg->color.green / 2;
+    colfg.blue = fg->color.blue / 2;
+    colfg.alpha = fg->color.alpha;
+    XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colfg, &revfg);
+    fg = &revfg;
+  }
+
+  if (base.mode & ATTR_REVERSE) {
+    temp = fg;
+    fg = bg;
+    bg = temp;
+  }
+
+  if (base.mode & ATTR_BLINK && win.mode & MODE_BLINK)
+    fg = bg;
+
+  if (base.mode & ATTR_INVISIBLE)
+    fg = bg;
+
+  /* Intelligent cleaning up of the borders. */
+  if (x == 0) {
+    xclear(0, (y == 0) ? 0 : winy, borderpx,
+           winy + win.ch + ((winy + win.ch >= borderpx + win.th) ? win.h : 0));
+  }
+  if (winx + width >= borderpx + win.tw) {
+    xclear(winx + width, (y == 0) ? 0 : winy, win.w,
+           ((winy + win.ch >= borderpx + win.th) ? win.h : (winy + win.ch)));
+  }
+  if (y == 0)
+    xclear(winx, 0, winx + width, borderpx);
+  if (winy + win.ch >= borderpx + win.th)
+    xclear(winx, winy + win.ch, winx + width, win.h);
+
+  /* Clean up the region we want to draw to. */
+  XftDrawRect(xw.draw, bg, winx, winy, width, win.ch);
+
+  /* Set the clip region because Xft is sometimes dirty. */
+  r.x = 0;
+  r.y = 0;
+  r.height = win.ch;
+  r.width = width;
+  XftDrawSetClipRectangles(xw.draw, winx, winy, &r, 1);
+
+  /* Render the glyphs. */
+  XftDrawGlyphFontSpec(xw.draw, fg, specs, len);
+
+  /* Render underline and strikethrough. */
+  if (base.mode & ATTR_UNDERLINE) {
+    XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + dc.font.ascent + 1, width, 1);
+  }
+
+  if (base.mode & ATTR_STRUCK) {
+    XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + 2 * dc.font.ascent / 3, width, 1);
+  }
+
+  /* Reset clip to none. */
+  XftDrawSetClip(xw.draw, 0);
+}
+
+void xdrawglyph(Glyph g, int x, int y) {
+  int numspecs;
+  XftGlyphFontSpec spec;
+
+  numspecs = xmakeglyphfontspecs(&spec, &g, 1, x, y);
+  xdrawglyphfontspecs(&spec, g, numspecs, x, y);
+}
+
+void xdrawcursor(int cx, int cy, Glyph g, int ox, int oy, Glyph og) {
+  Color drawcol;
+  XRenderColor colbg;
+
+  /* remove the old cursor */
+  if (selected(ox, oy))
+    og.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;
+  xdrawglyph(og, ox, oy);
+
+  if (IS_SET(MODE_HIDE))
+    return;
+
+  /*
+   * Select the right color for the right mode.
+   */
+  g.mode &= ATTR_BOLD | ATTR_ITALIC | ATTR_UNDERLINE | ATTR_STRUCK | ATTR_WIDE;
+
+  if (IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)) {
+    g.mode |= ATTR_REVERSE;
+    g.bg = defaultfg;
+    if (selected(cx, cy)) {
+      drawcol = dc.col[defaultcs];
+      g.fg = defaultrcs;
+    } else {
+      drawcol = dc.col[defaultrcs];
+      g.fg = defaultcs;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (selected(cx, cy)) {
+      g.fg = defaultfg;
+      g.bg = defaultrcs;
+    } else {
+      /** this is the main part of the dynamic cursor color patch */
+      g.bg = g.fg;
+      g.fg = defaultbg;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * and this is the second part of the dynamic cursor color patch.
+     * it handles the `drawcol` variable
+     */
+    if (IS_TRUECOL(g.bg)) {
+      colbg.alpha = 0xffff;
+      colbg.red = TRUERED(g.bg);
+      colbg.green = TRUEGREEN(g.bg);
+      colbg.blue = TRUEBLUE(g.bg);
+      XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colbg, &drawcol);
+    } else {
+      drawcol = dc.col[g.bg];
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* draw the new one */
+  if (IS_SET(MODE_FOCUSED)) {
+    switch (win.cursor) {
+    default:
+    case 0: /* blinking block */
+    case 1: /* blinking block (default) */
+      if (IS_SET(MODE_BLINK))
+        break;
+      /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case 2: /* steady block */
+      xdrawglyph(g, cx, cy);
+      break;
+    case 3: /* blinking underline */
+      if (IS_SET(MODE_BLINK))
+        break;
+      /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case 4: /* steady underline */
+      XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol, borderpx + cx * win.cw,
+                  borderpx + (cy + 1) * win.ch - cursorthickness, win.cw,
+                  cursorthickness);
+      break;
+    case 5: /* blinking bar */
+      if (IS_SET(MODE_BLINK))
+        break;
+      /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case 6: /* steady bar */
+      XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol, borderpx + cx * win.cw,
+                  borderpx + cy * win.ch, cursorthickness, win.ch);
+      break;
+    case 7: /* blinking st cursor */
+      if (IS_SET(MODE_BLINK))
+        break;
+      /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case 8: /* steady st cursor */
+      g.u = stcursor;
+      xdrawglyph(g, cx, cy);
+      break;
+    }
+  } else {
+    XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol, borderpx + cx * win.cw,
+                borderpx + cy * win.ch, win.cw - 1, 1);
+    XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol, borderpx + cx * win.cw,
+                borderpx + cy * win.ch, 1, win.ch - 1);
+    XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol, borderpx + (cx + 1) * win.cw - 1,
+                borderpx + cy * win.ch, 1, win.ch - 1);
+    XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol, borderpx + cx * win.cw,
+                borderpx + (cy + 1) * win.ch - 1, win.cw, 1);
+  }
+}
+
+void xsetenv(void) {
+  char buf[sizeof(long) * 8 + 1];
+
+  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lu", xw.win);
+  setenv("WINDOWID", buf, 1);
+}
+
+void xseticontitle(char *p) {
+  XTextProperty prop;
+  DEFAULT(p, opt_title);
+
+  if (Xutf8TextListToTextProperty(xw.dpy, &p, 1, XUTF8StringStyle, &prop) !=
+      Success)
+    return;
+  XSetWMIconName(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop);
+  XSetTextProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop, xw.netwmiconname);
+  XFree(prop.value);
+}
+
+void xsettitle(char *p) {
+  XTextProperty prop;
+  DEFAULT(p, opt_title);
+
+  if (Xutf8TextListToTextProperty(xw.dpy, &p, 1, XUTF8StringStyle, &prop) !=
+      Success)
+    return;
+  XSetWMName(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop);
+  XSetTextProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop, xw.netwmname);
+  XFree(prop.value);
+}
+
+int xstartdraw(void) {
+  if (IS_SET(MODE_VISIBLE))
+    XCopyArea(xw.dpy, xw.win, xw.buf, dc.gc, 0, 0, win.w, win.h, 0, 0);
+  return IS_SET(MODE_VISIBLE);
+}
+
+void xdrawline(Line line, int x1, int y1, int x2) {
+  int i, x, ox, numspecs;
+  Glyph base, new;
+  XftGlyphFontSpec *specs = xw.specbuf;
+
+  numspecs = xmakeglyphfontspecs(specs, &line[x1], x2 - x1, x1, y1);
+  i = ox = 0;
+  for (x = x1; x < x2 && i < numspecs; x++) {
+    new = line[x];
+    if (new.mode == ATTR_WDUMMY)
+      continue;
+    if (selected(x, y1))
+      new.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;
+    if (i > 0 && ATTRCMP(base, new)) {
+      xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, i, ox, y1);
+      specs += i;
+      numspecs -= i;
+      i = 0;
+    }
+    if (i == 0) {
+      ox = x;
+      base = new;
+    }
+    i++;
+  }
+  if (i > 0)
+    xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, i, ox, y1);
+}
+
+void xfinishdraw(void) {
+  XCopyArea(xw.dpy, xw.buf, xw.win, dc.gc, 0, 0, win.w, win.h, 0, 0);
+  XSetForeground(xw.dpy, dc.gc,
+                 dc.col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE) ? defaultfg : defaultbg].pixel);
+}
+
+void xximspot(int x, int y) {
+  if (xw.ime.xic == NULL)
+    return;
+
+  xw.ime.spot.x = borderpx + x * win.cw;
+  xw.ime.spot.y = borderpx + (y + 1) * win.ch;
+
+  XSetICValues(xw.ime.xic, XNPreeditAttributes, xw.ime.spotlist, NULL);
+}
+
+void expose(XEvent *ev) { redraw(); }
+
+void visibility(XEvent *ev) {
+  XVisibilityEvent *e = &ev->xvisibility;
+
+  MODBIT(win.mode, e->state != VisibilityFullyObscured, MODE_VISIBLE);
+}
+
+void unmap(XEvent *ev) { win.mode &= ~MODE_VISIBLE; }
+
+void xsetpointermotion(int set) {
+  MODBIT(xw.attrs.event_mask, set, PointerMotionMask);
+  XChangeWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, xw.win, CWEventMask, &xw.attrs);
+}
+
+void xsetmode(int set, unsigned int flags) {
+  int mode = win.mode;
+  MODBIT(win.mode, set, flags);
+  if ((win.mode & MODE_REVERSE) != (mode & MODE_REVERSE))
+    redraw();
+}
+
+int xsetcursor(int cursor) {
+  if (!BETWEEN(cursor, 0, 8)) /* 7-8: st extensions */
+    return 1;
+  win.cursor = cursor;
+  cursorblinks = win.cursor == 0 || win.cursor == 1 || win.cursor == 3 ||
+                 win.cursor == 5 || win.cursor == 7;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void xseturgency(int add) {
+  XWMHints *h = XGetWMHints(xw.dpy, xw.win);
+
+  MODBIT(h->flags, add, XUrgencyHint);
+  XSetWMHints(xw.dpy, xw.win, h);
+  XFree(h);
+}
+
+void xbell(void) {
+  if (!(IS_SET(MODE_FOCUSED)))
+    xseturgency(1);
+  if (bellvolume)
+    XkbBell(xw.dpy, xw.win, bellvolume, (Atom)NULL);
+}
+
+void focus(XEvent *ev) {
+  XFocusChangeEvent *e = &ev->xfocus;
+
+  if (e->mode == NotifyGrab)
+    return;
+
+  if (ev->type == FocusIn) {
+    if (xw.ime.xic)
+      XSetICFocus(xw.ime.xic);
+    win.mode |= MODE_FOCUSED;
+    xseturgency(0);
+    if (IS_SET(MODE_FOCUS))
+      ttywrite("\033[I", 3, 0);
+  } else {
+    if (xw.ime.xic)
+      XUnsetICFocus(xw.ime.xic);
+    win.mode &= ~MODE_FOCUSED;
+    if (IS_SET(MODE_FOCUS))
+      ttywrite("\033[O", 3, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+int match(uint mask, uint state) {
+  return mask == XK_ANY_MOD || mask == (state & ~ignoremod);
+}
+
+char *kmap(KeySym k, uint state) {
+  Key *kp;
+  int i;
+
+  /* Check for mapped keys out of X11 function keys. */
+  for (i = 0; i < LEN(mappedkeys); i++) {
+    if (mappedkeys[i] == k)
+      break;
+  }
+  if (i == LEN(mappedkeys)) {
+    if ((k & 0xFFFF) < 0xFD00)
+      return NULL;
+  }
+
+  for (kp = key; kp < key + LEN(key); kp++) {
+    if (kp->k != k)
+      continue;
+
+    if (!match(kp->mask, state))
+      continue;
+
+    if (IS_SET(MODE_APPKEYPAD) ? kp->appkey < 0 : kp->appkey > 0)
+      continue;
+    if (IS_SET(MODE_NUMLOCK) && kp->appkey == 2)
+      continue;
+
+    if (IS_SET(MODE_APPCURSOR) ? kp->appcursor < 0 : kp->appcursor > 0)
+      continue;
+
+    return kp->s;
+  }
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+void kpress(XEvent *ev) {
+  XKeyEvent *e = &ev->xkey;
+  KeySym ksym;
+  char buf[64], *customkey;
+  int len;
+  Rune c;
+  Status status;
+  Shortcut *bp;
+
+  if (IS_SET(MODE_KBDLOCK))
+    return;
+
+  if (xw.ime.xic)
+    len = XmbLookupString(xw.ime.xic, e, buf, sizeof buf, &ksym, &status);
+  else
+    len = XLookupString(e, buf, sizeof buf, &ksym, NULL);
+  /* 1. shortcuts */
+  for (bp = shortcuts; bp < shortcuts + LEN(shortcuts); bp++) {
+    if (ksym == bp->keysym && match(bp->mod, e->state)) {
+      bp->func(&(bp->arg));
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* 2. custom keys from config.h */
+  if ((customkey = kmap(ksym, e->state))) {
+    ttywrite(customkey, strlen(customkey), 1);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* 3. composed string from input method */
+  if (len == 0)
+    return;
+  if (len == 1 && e->state & Mod1Mask) {
+    if (IS_SET(MODE_8BIT)) {
+      if (*buf < 0177) {
+        c = *buf | 0x80;
+        len = utf8encode(c, buf);
+      }
+    } else {
+      buf[1] = buf[0];
+      buf[0] = '\033';
+      len = 2;
+    }
+  }
+  ttywrite(buf, len, 1);
+}
+
+void cmessage(XEvent *e) {
+  /*
+   * See xembed specs
+   *  http://standards.freedesktop.org/xembed-spec/xembed-spec-latest.html
+   */
+  if (e->xclient.message_type == xw.xembed && e->xclient.format == 32) {
+    if (e->xclient.data.l[1] == XEMBED_FOCUS_IN) {
+      win.mode |= MODE_FOCUSED;
+      xseturgency(0);
+    } else if (e->xclient.data.l[1] == XEMBED_FOCUS_OUT) {
+      win.mode &= ~MODE_FOCUSED;
+    }
+  } else if (e->xclient.data.l[0] == xw.wmdeletewin) {
+    ttyhangup();
+    exit(0);
+  }
+}
+
+void resize(XEvent *e) {
+  if (e->xconfigure.width == win.w && e->xconfigure.height == win.h)
+    return;
+
+  cresize(e->xconfigure.width, e->xconfigure.height);
+}
+
+void run(void) {
+  XEvent ev;
+  int w = win.w, h = win.h;
+  fd_set rfd;
+  int xfd = XConnectionNumber(xw.dpy), ttyfd, xev, drawing;
+  struct timespec seltv, *tv, now, lastblink, trigger;
+  double timeout;
+
+  /* Waiting for window mapping */
+  do {
+    XNextEvent(xw.dpy, &ev);
+    /*
+     * This XFilterEvent call is required because of XOpenIM. It
+     * does filter out the key event and some client message for
+     * the input method too.
+     */
+    if (XFilterEvent(&ev, None))
+      continue;
+    if (ev.type == ConfigureNotify) {
+      w = ev.xconfigure.width;
+      h = ev.xconfigure.height;
+    }
+  } while (ev.type != MapNotify);
+
+  ttyfd = ttynew(opt_line, shell, opt_io, opt_cmd);
+  cresize(w, h);
+
+  for (timeout = -1, drawing = 0, lastblink = (struct timespec){0};;) {
+    FD_ZERO(&rfd);
+    FD_SET(ttyfd, &rfd);
+    FD_SET(xfd, &rfd);
+
+    if (XPending(xw.dpy))
+      timeout = 0; /* existing events might not set xfd */
+
+    seltv.tv_sec = timeout / 1E3;
+    seltv.tv_nsec = 1E6 * (timeout - 1E3 * seltv.tv_sec);
+    tv = timeout >= 0 ? &seltv : NULL;
+
+    if (pselect(MAX(xfd, ttyfd) + 1, &rfd, NULL, NULL, tv, NULL) < 0) {
+      if (errno == EINTR)
+        continue;
+      die("select failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+    }
+    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
+
+    if (FD_ISSET(ttyfd, &rfd))
+      ttyread();
+
+    xev = 0;
+    while (XPending(xw.dpy)) {
+      xev = 1;
+      XNextEvent(xw.dpy, &ev);
+      if (XFilterEvent(&ev, None))
+        continue;
+      if (handler[ev.type])
+        (handler[ev.type])(&ev);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * To reduce flicker and tearing, when new content or event
+     * triggers drawing, we first wait a bit to ensure we got
+     * everything, and if nothing new arrives - we draw.
+     * We start with trying to wait minlatency ms. If more content
+     * arrives sooner, we retry with shorter and shorter periods,
+     * and eventually draw even without idle after maxlatency ms.
+     * Typically this results in low latency while interacting,
+     * maximum latency intervals during `cat huge.txt`, and perfect
+     * sync with periodic updates from animations/key-repeats/etc.
+     */
+    if (FD_ISSET(ttyfd, &rfd) || xev) {
+      if (!drawing) {
+        trigger = now;
+        if (IS_SET(MODE_BLINK)) {
+          win.mode ^= MODE_BLINK;
+        }
+        lastblink = now;
+        drawing = 1;
+      }
+      timeout = (maxlatency - TIMEDIFF(now, trigger)) / maxlatency * minlatency;
+      if (timeout > 0)
+        continue; /* we have time, try to find idle */
+    }
+
+    /* idle detected or maxlatency exhausted -> draw */
+    timeout = -1;
+    if (blinktimeout && (cursorblinks || tattrset(ATTR_BLINK))) {
+      timeout = blinktimeout - TIMEDIFF(now, lastblink);
+      if (timeout <= 0) {
+        if (-timeout > blinktimeout) /* start visible */
+          win.mode |= MODE_BLINK;
+        win.mode ^= MODE_BLINK;
+        tsetdirtattr(ATTR_BLINK);
+        lastblink = now;
+        timeout = blinktimeout;
+      }
+    }
+
+    draw();
+    XFlush(xw.dpy);
+    drawing = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+int resource_load(XrmDatabase db, char *name, enum resource_type rtype,
+                  void *dst) {
+  char **sdst = dst;
+  int *idst = dst;
+  float *fdst = dst;
+
+  char fullname[256];
+  char fullclass[256];
+  char *type;
+  XrmValue ret;
+
+  snprintf(fullname, sizeof(fullname), "%s.%s", opt_name ? opt_name : "st",
+           name);
+  snprintf(fullclass, sizeof(fullclass), "%s.%s", opt_class ? opt_class : "St",
+           name);
+  fullname[sizeof(fullname) - 1] = fullclass[sizeof(fullclass) - 1] = '\0';
+
+  XrmGetResource(db, fullname, fullclass, &type, &ret);
+  if (ret.addr == NULL || strncmp("String", type, 64))
+    return 1;
+
+  switch (rtype) {
+  case STRING:
+    *sdst = ret.addr;
+    break;
+  case INTEGER:
+    *idst = strtoul(ret.addr, NULL, 10);
+    break;
+  case FLOAT:
+    *fdst = strtof(ret.addr, NULL);
+    break;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void config_init(void) {
+  char *resm;
+  XrmDatabase db;
+  ResourcePref *p;
+
+  XrmInitialize();
+  resm = XResourceManagerString(xw.dpy);
+  if (!resm)
+    return;
+
+  db = XrmGetStringDatabase(resm);
+  for (p = resources; p < resources + LEN(resources); p++)
+    resource_load(db, p->name, p->type, p->dst);
+}
+
+void usage(void) {
+  die("usage: %s [-aiv] [-c class] [-f font] [-g geometry]"
+      " [-n name] [-o file]\n"
+      "          [-T title] [-t title] [-w windowid]"
+      " [[-e] command [args ...]]\n"
+      "       %s [-aiv] [-c class] [-f font] [-g geometry]"
+      " [-n name] [-o file]\n"
+      "          [-T title] [-t title] [-w windowid] -l line"
+      " [stty_args ...]\n",
+      argv0, argv0);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  xw.l = xw.t = 0;
+  xw.isfixed = False;
+  xsetcursor(cursorstyle);
+
+  ARGBEGIN {
+  case 'a':
+    allowaltscreen = 0;
+    break;
+  case 'c':
+    opt_class = EARGF(usage());
+    break;
+  case 'e':
+    if (argc > 0)
+      --argc, ++argv;
+    goto run;
+  case 'f':
+    opt_font = EARGF(usage());
+    break;
+  case 'g':
+    xw.gm = XParseGeometry(EARGF(usage()), &xw.l, &xw.t, &cols, &rows);
+    break;
+  case 'i':
+    xw.isfixed = 1;
+    break;
+  case 'o':
+    opt_io = EARGF(usage());
+    break;
+  case 'l':
+    opt_line = EARGF(usage());
+    break;
+  case 'n':
+    opt_name = EARGF(usage());
+    break;
+  case 't':
+  case 'T':
+    opt_title = EARGF(usage());
+    break;
+  case 'w':
+    opt_embed = EARGF(usage());
+    break;
+  case 'v':
+    die("%s " VERSION "\n", argv0);
+    break;
+  default:
+    usage();
+  }
+  ARGEND;
+
+run:
+  if (argc > 0) /* eat all remaining arguments */
+    opt_cmd = argv;
+
+  if (!opt_title)
+    opt_title = (opt_line || !opt_cmd) ? "st" : opt_cmd[0];
+
+  setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
+  XSetLocaleModifiers("");
+
+  if (!(xw.dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
+    die("Can't open display\n");
+
+  config_init();
+  cols = MAX(cols, 1);
+  rows = MAX(rows, 1);
+  tnew(cols, rows);
+  xinit(cols, rows);
+  xsetenv();
+  selinit();
+  run();
+
+  return 0;
+}